Nine new Neotropical species of Psychotria subg. Psychotria (Rubiaceae, Psychotrieae) are described and illustrated here: P. areolata of montane western Colombia has previously been confused with P. rugulosa Kunth; P. ceronii of eastern Andean slopes in Ecuador and Peru has previously been confused with P. acreana K. Krause; P. convergens of montane Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, and northern Peru has previously been confused with P. sylvivaga Standley; P. cutucuana of montane Ecuador has previously been confused with Notopleura; P. esmeraldana of coastal Ecuador and Colombia has previously been confused with P. orosiana Standley; P. montivaga of montane Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru has previously been confused with P. alba Ruiz & Pavón and P. carthagenensis Jacquin, and replaces these species at higher elevations; P. paravillosa of Amazonian Ecuador and Peru has previously been confused with P. villosa Ruiz & Pavón; P. puyoana of eastern Andean slopes of Ecuador is notable for its subsessile, cordate, relatively large leaves; and P. ucumariana of montane Colombia and Ecuador has previously been confused with P. rimbachii Standley.